Classical Conditioning and Associative Strength free essay sample

The investigation led was a 22 inside subjects try. The 2 signal sorts were over-desire and control though the 2 autonomous factors were notability. Subjects were haphazardly introduced differing levels of striking improvements as food pictures. These photos were then to be related with a hypersensitivity score somewhere in the range of 1 and 9. In the following stage, the subjects were given each signal sort multiple times alongside some filler prompts orchestrated to some straightforward principles. The sensitivity appraisals were likewise to be controlled by the subject. The third stage consolidated the improvements into a compound CS molding and subjects were approached to decide the sensitivity rating. The test stage included members being indicated every one of the past nourishments each in turn. They would then decide the unfavorably susceptible response rating. All things considered, lower than those of the lower remarkable quality. A huge primary impact with prompt sort was found, showing an over-desire impact, of F(1,271)=25.â 758, plt;0. 001. This implies members appraised the compound signs in stage 3 as less allergenic than those that were essentially fortified in stage 3. While there was no huge distinction found between the naturally fortified upgrade signals I and J (pgt;0. 05), there was seen as a huge contrast between the compound cases including upgrade prompts B and F (plt;0. 05). Question 2: With compound CS, the cooperative quality is currently dependant on the joined acquainted quality of all upgrades present and the aggregate sum of learning. For the most part in the Rescorla-Wagner model, molding is subject to how successfully astounding an unconditioned boost is. With compound molded upgrades, this characterisation of shock is modified. Rather than only a solitary CS being connected to a US, it is currently the consolidated impacts of all upgrades present which all things considered anticipate the US. Over-desire happens when the aggregate cooperative quality of the different CS is more noteworthy than the all out ability to learn. To utilize the condition, ? V= (? - V) Note: We overlook ? furthermore, expect it a steady. The estimation of V would beâ greater than ?. This happens when the improvements have been top notch and the cooperative quality of every individual boost is very high. Along these lines, when the objective sign for, which the improvements are molded for, is introduced the subject anticipates the consolidated reaction of every individual boost. At the point when the subject just gets the ordinary meas ure of fortification, it starts to expect less until there is no more affiliation that can be picked up from the joined impacts of the condition boosts. To utilize a relationship, a mouse is molded independently with a tone and a blazing light. Every one of these boosts gives one bit of cheddar, with the mouse salivating when every improvement is introduced. In the event that both the upgrades are introduced together, the mouse anticipates two bits of cheddar and will salivate more than expected. Be that as it may, just one bit of cheddar is introduced. Therefore, the mouse starts to expect less of the compound boosts until no further affiliation can be picked up. This therefore brings down the general relationship by a specific rate until the complete consolidated affiliation is at absolute learning potential. Question 3: To get the over-desire result, we should initially have two completely molded CS’s which were independently adapted. For instance, let us utilize the A+ and B+ case. On the off chance that we completely adapted A+ and B+ independently, that implies the affiliated quality of both would be 100%. Presently, when we join these two into a compound CS, the Rescorla-Wagner model expresses that the general acquainted quality of the compound CS is equivalent to the whole of the all the boosts introduced in the compound preliminary. So with A+ and B+, their all out acquainted quality would be 200%. In any case, the Rescorla-Wagner model just permits the greatest estimation of acquainted quality that can be molded to be 100%. The instance of A+ and B+ is twice as much as this most extreme worth. Thusly, after rehashed preliminaries of the compound boost of A+B+ being combined with their US, the Rescorla-Wagner model predicts that the complete acquainted quality of 200% will fall at the pace of their notability until it arrives at a quality of 100%, the most extreme level which can be molded. To show how a termination occasion of a completely adapted CS works in the Rescorla-Wagner model. ?V= (? - V) Note: We disregard ? furthermore, accept it a steady. With a completely adapted CS, ? , the aggregate sum of learning, would be 0 as there is not any more conceivable association with make with a completely molded CS. V would be 100% as all conceivable learning has been made. In this way, ? V=-? would be what is left finished. This implies, in annihilation, the rate at which the affiliation quality, ? V, is lost at is â€?, the remarkable quality. Presently, on account of B+, it was a considerably more notable boost though F+ was a lower notable improvement. In this manner, B would be lost at a quicker rate than F. This is appeared in the outcomes with the probability rating of B being lower than that of F. Thusly, striking nature of every individual boost not just impacts how quick the pace of affiliation is expanded yet additionally decides, on account of the over-desire situation, how quick the relationship of every person, completely molded upgrade is lost.

Sound In Poetry Essay Example For Students

Sound In Poetry Essay Shana WilliamsonApril 7, 2000English 110B-FrankEssay #2Sound in PoetryPoems as a rule start with words or expression which request more due to their sound than their significance, and the development and stating of a sonnet. Each sonnet has a surface of sound, which is at any rate as significant as the importance behind the sonnet. Musicality, being the ordinary repeat of sound, is at the core of every single normal wonder: the pulsating of a heart, the lapping of waves against the shore, the croaking of frogs on a summers night, the murmur of wheat influencing in the breeze. Musicality and sound and course of action the conventional properties of wordsallow the writer to get past, or underneath the outside of a sonnet. Both Gwendolyn Brooks Sadie and Maud (799) and Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband (784) stress beautiful sound to communicate their subjects. Used to improve sound in a sonnet, similar sounding word usage is the reiteration of sound in back to back or neighboring words, normally toward the start of words. The two Brooks and Bradstreet utilize similar sounding word usage in their sonnets. Sadie remained at home. /Sadie scratched life (2-3) the reiteration of s is obvious in these two lines, mirroring the brazenness and autonomy that Sadie had. At that point while we live, enamored lets endure (11) the moderate melodic reiteration of the l sounds mirror the sentimental accentuation in the sonnet. Assonancethe reiteration of the equivalent or comparative vowel sound, particularly in focused on syllablescan likewise advance a sonnet. Sound similarity can be utilized to bring together a sonnet as in Bradstreets sonnet in which it underscores the topical association among words and binds together the sonnets thoughts of the couple getting one. Contrast and me ye lady on the off chance that you can (4). In Brooks sonnet, rehashed vowel sounds reach out all through. Streams in a roundabout way interfaces certain words and by associating these words, she points out the symbolism that conveys the sonnets subject of how unique two individuals who experienced childhood in a similar family unit can be. Under her original surname/Maud and Ma and Papa (10-11). Notwithstanding similar sounding word usage and sound similarity, writers make sound examples with rhyme. The traditional method to portray a sonnets rhyme conspire is to graph rhyming words that show up at the parts of the bargains. In Brooks sonnet the rhyme plot is abcb, defe which strengthens the manner in which two things can start the equivalent, yet change over the long haul. Normally, rhyme doesn't need to be unobtrusive to advance a sonnet. A conspicuous rhyme conspire like the one in Bradstreets sonnet is aabb, ccdd can convey significance by constraining consideration on a connection between two individuals that are not typically connected. The son nets topic talks about the couple getting one, the sonnets rhyme conspire is of two back to back lines having a place together and having one sound. Rhyme can likewise be grouped by the situation of the rhyming syllables in a line of stanza. Bradstreets sonnet contains starting rhyme, Brooks sonnet, then again, contains just end rhyme. I prize thy love more than entire mines of gold/My adoration is to such an extent that waterways can't extinguish/Thy love is such I can not the slightest bit repay(5, 7, 9). Her young ladies struck out from home/Her fine-tooth brush (14, 16). Writers, as well, make rhyme by utilizing rehashed words and expressions. Sadie scratched life/with absolute attention to detail (3-4) and Sadie had left as legacy/her fine-tooth brush (15-16). The rehashed phrases Sadie and Maud, which move from one subject to the next and back again Maud attended a university/Sadie remained at home (1-2). The sonnet has a singing musicality that takes after a melody that kids play to. The recognition of lighthearted adolescence incidentally appears differently in relation to the adulthood that both Sadie and Maud now face a s they grow up: Sadie remains at home and has two youngsters without any father present; Maud attends a university and winds up a slender earthy colored mouse. Rehashed expresses in Bradstreets sonnet incorporate if at any time and love. If at any time two were one then most likely we. /If ever man were cherished by spouse then thee (1-2). My Love is with the end goal that streams can't extinguish,/Nor should however cherish from the give recompence (9-10). With such repeat, the sonnet

New Student Photo Series 2011 #26 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2011 â€" #26 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We are close to winding down the incoming student photos series.   Thank you to all of those that have helped to add life to the blog over the summer! Christian Loubeau MIA-Economic and Political Development. The first photo was taken in the White Desert in Egypt during the summer of 2010.   I was in the desert for an overnight camping trip and we were checking out white rock formations that resembled people and animals.   My friend took this photo of me at dusk next to a formation known as Chicken Mountain. This photo was taken in Caracas, Venezuela when I lived there in the fall of 2007.   President Chavez spoke at this rally a few hours after the photo was taken.   At the time President Chavez was rallying his supporters to back a referendum that would, among many items, abolish presidential term limits.   I like the dignified look of hope on the womans face while the man stands tall contemplating what lies ahead.   There were several points of contention regarding the referendum and I think the overcast skies speak to the stormy path that lies ahead.   Although the referendum was at one point expected to pass rather easily, it was defeated about a month after this picture was taken. This photo was taken on the Great Wall of China during the summer of 2010.   My friend and I squeezed this quick trip in on our last night in Beijing.   I didnt have much time to visit the wall as I had to catch a flight later that night yet we managed to find a moment to clown around.   This part of the wall was on a steep incline so I was able to lean forward without any support. Hello, my name is Marisol Alarcón, an incoming MDP. Im from Ecuador/Chile and had the great opportunity to work in slums from different countries in Latin America. Apart from the overwhelming poverty, I have also seen beautiful, contrasting sights and met amazing and strong people. These pictures are just a glimpse of what I have seen these past years. Family Canaan: This family represents the many families living in Canaan, the camp city 5 miles up north from Port-au-Prince. Their smiles and bright eyes were always surprising. 13 de Julio: This boy lives in the slum 13 de Julio, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is playing naturally surrounded by trash and houses made with waste materials.   The dirt on his skin is his regular condition, not the result of one day on the play ground like it would be for most of us. This place is only minutes away from downtown Buenos Aires, one of the largest metropolitan cities in the region. Favela Padroiera: This girl is washing the dishes after our lunch together.   She lives in the Slum Padroeira, on the outside of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The photo shows the incredible overcrowding of the favelas and the hard living conditions the families must face.

Psychoanalyzing Victor Frankenstein Essay example

â€Å"When I reflected on his crimes and malice, my hatred and revenge burst all bounds of moderation.† In her novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates Victor Frankenstein, as a character who becomes psychologically unable to continue his normal life after he turns lifeless mater into a living creature through his studies of natural anatomy. Though many years have passed between the writing of Frankenstein and the making of the Television hit, Dexter, the creator of the show, James Manos Jr., created a character in Dexter that is psychologically very similar to Victor. Dexter is also unable to live a normal life after he realizes something about him is different from other human beings. The psychoanalytic perspective tells us that behavior is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Victor finds himself farther and farther removed from the boundaries of society as he falls deeper and deeper into his passionate consumption.† (Bangerter 3). Victor lost his ability to communicate with his family and his fascination with the monster brought them closer throughout the book. Victor never learned until the end that the monster was only killing to keep his attention and hopefully bring them together. Once again, Freud would tell us that through his id he created the monster as his mother and his Oedipus complex was the reason for his attraction to the monster. â€Å"Frankenstein wanted to recreate his mother but he instead made a creature comprised of socially repressed elements of his wish for his mother.† (Hicks 1). Shelley never showed any signs of Victor feeling any types of sexual desires throughout the novel and only included the possibility of the Oedipus complex. Even though at the beginning of the story we are able to see Victor and Elizabeth showing signs of their love, it weakens strongly as the story continues. â€Å"It seems that Victor does find himself trapped within an infantile world, as he seems to have no knowledge on the process of sexual reproduction.† (Bangerter 3). When Victor is on his honeymoon with Elizabeth, he can’t help but worry and think about theShow MoreRelatedThe German National Soccer Team Essay2081 Words   |  9 Pagessomething individuals can fall back on in times of distress and often offer a sense of community. When individuals go against these traditions, however, there are frequently consequences due to cultural norms. For a fictional character like Victor Frankenstein, his oppositions come from his own conscience and originates after attemp ting to play god by creating a murderous monster, something society would deem inexcusable. On the contrary, Luther the Reformer went against numerous traditions of the

Contribution of Agriculture in the Economy of Bangladesh.

Abstract . This study is based on secondary data. This text is primarily focused on contribution of agriculture in the economy of Bangladesh. In the way of doing so, a short briefing about the economy of Bangladesh is given and demonstrated Bangladesh agriculture condition at a glance. The agriculture is shown as the share of GDP, proportion of labor force working in agricultural sector, budget allocation for agriculture, agriculture in net export-import and countered with some fancy questions those pop up in our heads sometimes. Through this note several charts, graphs and tables are presented. It will help to comprehend those data in an effortless way. Agriculture is most crucial crux in nearly all economy as well as economy of†¦show more content†¦BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE AT A GLANCE: Bangladesh Agriculture at a Glance Total family : 17,600,804 Total farm holding : 15,089,000 Total area : 14.845million hectare Forest : 2.599 million hectare Cultivable land : 8.44 million hectare Cultivable waste : 0.268 million hectare Current fellow : 0.469 million hectare Cropping intensity : 175.97% Single cropped area : 2.851 million hectare Double cropped area : 3.984 million hectare Triple cropped area : 0.974 million hectare Net cropped area : 7.809 million hectare Total cropped area : 13.742 million hectare Contribution of agriculture sector to GDP : 23.50% Contribution of crop sector to GDP : 13.44% Manpower in agriculture : 62% Total food crop demand : 23.029 million metric ton Total food crop production : 27.787 million metric ton Net production : 24.569 million metric ton Source: BBS, 2006 and Handbook Agricultural Statistics, MoA IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMICS: Civilization began with agriculture. When our nomadic ancestors began to settle and grow their own food, human society was forever changed. Not only did villages, towns and cities begin to flourish, but so did knowledge, the arts and the technological sciences. And for most of history, societys connection to the land was intimate. Human communities, no matter how sophisticated, could not ignore the importance of agriculture. To be far fromShow MoreRelatedEconomic Growth Comparison Bangladesh and India1593 Words   |  7 PagesSources of Economic Growth, comparison between Bangladesh and India. Introduction: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is indicator of a nation’s economic Growth- Measured by the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. Through GDP growth we can measure the economic growth, especially very much useful indicating tools for measuring growth in the least developed countries (LDCs), like Bangladesh, Haiti, Samoa, Afghanistan, Sudan, ZambiaRead MoreIndustrialization And Poverty1445 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufacturing goods, sometimes human labor is replaces by machines and robots. Income per capita increases because of industrialization. The industrial revolution of 18th and 19th century has occurred because of major industrial shift in western economy. Industrialization is maximum use of scarce resources. For reducing poverty and inequality industrialization plays a vital role. Industrialization creates jobs and income rises. When income rises poverty is reduced and disparity is reduc ed. In historyRead MoreThe Growth And Dynamics Of Bangladesh Research1311 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The present paper is a Scientometric Study of agriculture research in Bangladesh during the year 1973 to 2015. The study attempts to examine the distribution of journal articles/ papers (age-wise, year-wise, and article-wise), authorship pattern, subject, language, and geographical distribution. The web of Science Citation Index used to determine the scattering of journal articles in the publication pattern on the LISTA database. There †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. papers in all, and these were published in moreRead MoreIct Ensuring The Women Participation1272 Words   |  6 PagesFor sustaining this transition from agrarian to industrial economy, Bangladesh must create and exploit knowledge through the widespread use and application of ICT ensuring the women participation. ICTs have the potential to support the development strategy of â€Å"leapfrogging† i.e., bypassing heavy infrastructure building it is possible for a developing economy to transform itself directly into a knowle dge economy women empowerment should be enhanced by using this dynamic means. For example, duringRead MoreEssay on E-Commerce and Technology in Different Sectors 1189 Words   |  5 Pagesfacilities: 2.Technologies in education sector: 3.Technology in Agriculture: 4. Technology in the Health Sector 5.Expansion of Industries 1.E Commerce facilities: E Commerce or banking through internet is not a new concept.Apart from the government ones the private sectors have also emerged quite nicely.All the leading privale banks such as DBBL,BRAC Bank,Standard Chartard,HSBC,Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited.AB Bank Limited etc has introduced online banking systemRead MoreAccounting Aspect of Value Added Tax in Bangladesh1634 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting Aspect of Value Added Tax in Bangladesh Term Paper On Accounting Aspect of Value Added Tax in Bangladesh Prepared By : Name : Md. Mahmudul Hassan Roll : University Roll : Class Roll : Supervisor’s Name and Designation Mr. Md Nurajjaman Assistant professor Department of Accounting Govt. 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Though the land under cultivation in India is more than that of China, Indian agriculture cant feed its own people, while the Chinese could feed themselves. 60% people in India rely on agriculture directly, but its contribution towards GDP is just around 20% to 30% .Lack of implementation of modern technology in the field of agriculture, fragmented land holdings, low irrigation potential, unviable returns etc can be shown as the causes here. ConsideringRead MorePolital Environment in Bangladesh1040 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical Environment in Bangladesh and its Impact on International Trade Introduction The interface between international trade obligations and domestic regulation of trade, health, safety and the environment, special and differential treatment of developing countries dictates whether a country will be able to gain from trade, commerce which contributes to development of a country. Since, independence, the political environment of Bangladesh has been fragile due to its lack of proper democraticRead MoreInformation And Communications Technologies ( Icts )1508 Words   |  7 Pageswomen education rate job participation is growing gradually in Bangladesh, women’s participations contributions in decision-making male-dominated ICT environment are of growing importance.It is revealed by this paper that the knowledge revolution, led by information and communication technology, lies at the heart of economic development of Bangladesh, especially for the neglected rural women. As half of the population of Bangladesh is women 80% of women live in pastoral area. As max imum women

Brand Community Analysis Free Essays

Brand Community Analysis As the development of communication technology and global market, the concept of Brand Community was fist defined as ‘a specialized, non-geographically bound community, based on a structured set of social relationships among admirers of a brand’ by two social scientists, Albert M. Muniz, JR and Thomas C. O’Guinn (2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Community Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will firstly give a brief overview of brand community, and then point out three main characteristics and further discuss these features of brand community based on the article by Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) using the supporters of Manchester United Football Club as an example. Brand community is a customer-customer-brand triad. It reflects on a collection of brand-centric social group stressing the use of brand and the relationship formed by emotion between consumers (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001). Furthermore, McAlexander, Schouten and Koenig (2002) have extended this model to the extent that brand community is actually a customer-centric network and aim to provide customer special brand-related consumption experience. They have also emphasized the concept of brand experience in a community. Any brand experience comes from the interaction among members, and at the same time customers also construct the meaning of the brand in the process of interaction and experience. Subsequently, by the research in the abandoned Apple Newton, Muniz and Schau (2005) found brand community can be regarded to a kind of religious affiliation. Manchester United Football Club (MUFC) is a famous professional football team founded in 1878 in England. It is the best supported in Europe (Rice, 2009) and probably the most popular football club in the world. According to the article by Cass (2007) from Daily Mail, the number of worldwide MUFC supporters was closed to 333 million in 2007. In this case, I assume the fans of MUFC all are the members of the club community and they principally consume match tickets and club-related products. Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) raised 3 basic characteristics for brand community, like other traditional communities, which respectively were a shared consciousness, rituals and traditions and a sense of moral responsibility. The most important shared consciousness is group awareness. It means there is an implicit relationship between community members and members can be distinct from others. Rituals and traditions is a vital social process. Brand and the meaning of brand community with their history, culture and consciousness can be duplicated and passed on through ritual and traditions. Moral responsibility indicates that community members are responsible for each other. These 3 characteristics show the nature of brand community. For the sense of consciousness, members feel a great relation toward one another is more important than the connection to the brand (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001). That is why two main organisations for MUFC supporters in the UK, Independent Manchester United Supporters Association (IMUSA) and Manchester United Supporters Trust (MUST), were established to let like-minded people join together and formed local communities. IMUSA has even set up a committee to better represent the interest and voice of supports. Supporters from all around the world can also just easily use web-based communication tools such as Twitter, Facebook, and forums like MUFC fansforum (http://community. manutd. com/forums/) to share updated news and maintain connections. On the other hand, members, ‘also set them apart from others and makes them similar to one another’ Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) claimed, especially try to distinct them from the main competitive brand in the market. This regards to oppositional brand loyalty. In this MUFC case, the oppositional brand is its main rivalry in the Premier league located in the same city – Manchester City Football Club (MCFC). Fans from MUFC always differentiate them against MCFC supporters. Members usually said MCFC is built by money, just an upstart and a noisy neighbour. Most of the community members despise this kind of team because they think MUFC has the glories that MCFC lack of and embodies the passion and excitement of the world’s most popular sport (Hill and Vincent, 2006). Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) indicated rituals and traditions focus on sharing consumption experience with the brand. Supporters sing several specific songs during the match regarding to different circumstances to encourage and cheer the team. Those songs have already become a kind of spiritual symbol of the MUFC brand, and therefore will be passed on each time they are sung in matches. Celebrating the history of the brand is crucial for maintaining community and reproducing culture (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001). For the MUFC community, the most vital history is the trophies they gained. After MUFC won their 19th English top league title last season, the Barclays Premiership Trophy Cup was being demonstrated around the world for the whole summer in 2011. This tour is not only presenting the precious trophy cup to supporters but also a promotion of the great history of MUFC to further raise reputation and attract new members. Sharing brand stories is another important means of maintaining and creating community (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001). MUFC fans always mention either face to face or on internet about the classic victory of the champion league final in 1999 in Munich. This can be related to viral marketing by which positive image and consciousness of the brand and community can be delivered through word of mouth or improved by the internet network effects. ‘The sense of moral responsibility is what produces collective action and contributes to group cohesion’ Muniz and O’Guinn (2001) said. There are two traditional shared missions: intergrading and retaining members and assisting members in the proper use of the brand. Firstly, it is crucial to retain existing members and obtain new ones. The fundamental way for MUFC to save and fascinate supporters is to keep winning. Getting consistent good record and reputation will really help the brand to attract and retain members. MUFC also gives discount to the existing official members to renew their membership and buy season tickets in the following year. Thus members can gain benefit from their loyalty. Secondly, moral responsibility also provides assistant normally in problem solving and shares brand-related information. For instance, members share transport information in away games on fansforum. In conclusion, the notion of brand community has been extended in recent years and become a usual marketing phenomenon. The three key characteristics represent the essence of brand community and each of them has its own manifestation. Due to the improvement of communication way, members of brand community are more convenient to communicate and the brand is also easier to build connection with customers and create brand communities. Looking to the future, I believe brand community will become a crucial and staple marketing strategy. Reference: Cass, Bob (2007). â€Å"United moving down south as fanbase reaches 333 million†. Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers); 15 December 2007. Manchester United official fansforum: http://community. manutd. com/forums/t/84281. aspx Manchester United Membership benefit: http://www. manutd. com/en/One-United/Member-Benefits. aspx McAlexander, J H, Schouten , J W, and Koenig , H F. Building brand community[J ] . Journal of Marketing; Jan 2002; 66, 1; ABI/INFORM Global p. 8 Muniz Albert M. Jr. and Thomas C. O’Guinn (2001), Brand Community, Journal of Consumer Research; March 2001; 27, 4; ABI/INFORM Global p. 412 Muniz Albert M. Jr. and Schau, H J. (2005), Religiosity in the Abandoned Apple Newton Brand Community, Journal of Consumer Research; Mar 2005; 31, 4; ABI/INFORM Global p. 737 Rice, Simon (6 November 2009). â€Å"Manchester United top of the 25 best supp orted clubs in Europe†. The Independent (London: Independent Print). Vincent, John, Hill, John S. (2006) Globalisation and sports branding: the case of Manchester United. How to cite Brand Community Analysis, Essay examples

I Went To The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Concert At Eastman Thea Essay Example For Students

I Went To The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Concert At Eastman Thea Essay tre on Thursday night, February 12, 1998. Four selections were performed. Two were by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the overture to Don Giovanni, K. 527 and Piano Concerto No. 22 in E-flat major for piano and orchestra, K. 482. The other pieces were Theme and Variations: The Four Temperaments for piano and string orchestra by Paul Hindemith and Rounds for string orchestra by David Diamond. The piano soloist for the Hindemith and Mozart Piano Concerto was Emanuel Ax and Robert Bernhardt conducted. The first piece, the Overture to Don Giovanni, written by Mozart in 1787, was performed by a smaller sized orchestra with some brass instruments and one set of timpani drums. It was composed in the Viennese classical style. The piece is written in an A B A form and is a light-hearted, easy-listening piece especially when you consider the opera it introduces. The second piece was Theme and Variations: The Four Temperaments, written by Paul Hindemith in 1940. It called for a larger orchestra, but no brass or percussion sections. Also, the piano was the solo instrument for this piece. Hindemith has the pianist play notes all over the keyboard, and Emmanuel Ax has the virtuosity to oblige the composer. At times the strings and the piano soloist would toss the theme between themselves. The theme was very structured and not able to be hummed or sung easily. The theme is very scholarly and intellectual, very different from the piece by Diamond that had a more lyrical melody that could be hummed. This is typical of the expressionist and neoclassicist styles that Hindemith writes in. The orchestra first introduces the theme and then four variations of it are played back and forth between the piano and orchestra. Each variation of the theme conjures a different emotion. Variation I -Melancholic is sad-sounding and starts off in a slow tempo with a piano solo and then a piano/violin duet. It then increases in tempo and the strings dominate until the piano rejoins them and the movement ends in a slow tempo. Variation II-Sanguine is a rather cheerful waltz in triple meter in the piano with the string section accompanying. In Variation III-Phlegmatic, the piano again is the most important instrument even though there are some solos in the string section. Phlegmatic means sluggish or unexcited, but the tempo is at a moderately fast pace. Variation IV-Choleric, is a lively movement in which the music sounds almost agitated. The tempo slows down and then speeds up many times during the movement. The third piece, Rounds for String Orchestra, was written by David Diamond in 1944. This piece was written in three movements for a rather large and full orchestra. In addition to having them play pizzicato, one thing Diamond had the string players do that was positively 20th century was to tap the wood of their bows on their cello or string bass. This produced a rather interesting striking sound. David Diamond composed in the neoromantic style and the melody is more sensual than that of the Hindemith piece. This piece is also in A B A form with the first and third movements being Allegros and the middle movement an Adagio. The movements are played right after each other with no pause. The theme that is introduced in the first movement is stated first by the violas and then repeated by the cellos and basses. This theme is then repeated the same way in the third movement. The second movement is more lyrical and being in a slower tempo, it acts as a buffer between the two fast movement s. .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .postImageUrl , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:hover , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:visited , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:active { border:0!important; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:active , .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43da7ac3e4ec717b40f472b2f662155c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Deaf President Now EssayThe fourth selection was another Mozart piece, his Piano Concerto No. 22 in E-flat major for Piano and Orchestra, K. 482, written in 1785. The concerto had three movements and called for a moderate sized orchestra with only one set of timpani for percussion used only in the first and third movements plus, obviously, a solo piano again played by Mr. Ax. The piece is in an A B A form. The first movement, an Allegro, is in quadruple meter and in the major key, E-flat. The second movement is an Andante in triple meter in the minor key, C minor. The final movement is a Rondo Allegro also in the major key but in triple meter. All around the concert was an enjoyable experience. I think my favorite piece was the Overture to Don Giovanni. The melody of the Diamond piece was certainly much more lyrical than that of any of the other pieces. The Hindemith piece had a difficult theme to follow; that was the type of piece that would become more enjoyable to me the more I listened to it. I also enjoyed the Mozart piano concerto, especially since it is in the classical style that I am partial to. All in all, it was an enjoyable evening at the RPO, and with the cheap seats that are available, I would definitely consider going back to another concert, and probably on a weekday night when it is not very crowded and parking is very available!

American History Chapter 12 Study Questions Flashcard

American History Chapter 12 Study Questions

A Timeline of the History of Alcohol

A Timeline of the History of Alcohol The history of alcohol and humans is at least 30,000 and arguably 100,000 years long. Alcohol, a flammable liquid produced by the natural fermentation of sugars, is currently the most widely used human psychoactive agent around the world today, ahead of nicotine, caffeine, and betel nut. It was made and consumed by prehistoric societies in six of the seven continents (not Antarctica), in a variety of forms based on a variety of natural sugars found in grains and fruits.   Alcohol Timeline: Consumption The earliest possible moment that humans consumed alcohol is conjecture. The creation of alcohol is a natural process, and scholars have noted that primates, insects, and birds partake in (accidentally) fermented berries and fruit. While there is no direct evidence that our ancient ancestors also drank fermented liquids, it is a possibility we should consider. 100,000 years ago (theoretically): At some point, Paleolithic humans or their ancestors recognized that leaving fruit in the bottom of a container for an extended period of time leads naturally to alcohol-infused juices. 30,000 BCE: Some scholars interpret the abstract parts of Upper Paleolithic cave art as the work of shamans, religious specialists who were attempting to connect with natural forces and supernatural beings. Shamans work under altered states of consciousness (ASC), which can be created by chanting or fasting or aided by pyschotropic drugs, like alcohol. Some of the earliest cave paintings suggest activities of shamans; some scholars have suggested they reached ASC using alcohol. Laussel Venus, Upper Paleolithic Bas-Relief, Aquitaine Museum, Bordeaux, France. Apic / Hulton Archive / Getty Images 25,000 BCE: The Venus of Laussel, found in a French Upper Paleolithic cave, is a carved representation of a woman holding what looks like a cornucopia or a bison horn core. Some scholars have interpreted it as a drinking horn. 13,000 BCE: To intentionally make fermented beverages, one needs a container where they may be stored during the process, and the first pottery was invented in China at least 15,000 years ago. 10,000 BCE: Grape pips attest to possible wine consumption at Franchthi Cave in Greece. 9th millennium BCE: The earliest domesticated fruit was the fig tree, 8th millennium BCE: The domestication of rice and barley, crops used for the production of fermented alcohol, occurred about 10,000 years ago. Production Alcoholic substances have intoxicating, mind-altering properties that might have been restricted to elites and religious specialists, but they were also used in the maintenance of social cohesion in the context of feasting available to everyone in a community.  Some herb-based beverages may have been used for medicinal purposes as well. 7000 BCE: The earliest evidence of wine production comes from jars at the Neolithic site of Jiahu in China, where residue analysis has identified a fermented concoction of rice, honey and fruit. 5400–5000 BCE: Based on the recovery of tartaric acid in ceramic vessels, people produced resinated wine, such as that on a fairly large scale at Hajji Firuz Tepe, Iran. 4400–4000 BCE: Grape pips, empty grape skins, and two-handled cups at the Greek site of Dikili Tash are the earliest evidence for wine production in the Aegean Sea region. 4000 BCE: A platform for crushing grapes and a process to move crushed grapes to storage jars are evidence of wine production at the Armenian site of Areni-1. Ubaid Pottery from Susa, Iran, 4th millennium BCE, Musà ©e National de Cà ©ramique, Sà ªvres, France. Siren-Com 4th millennium BCE: By the beginning of the 4th millennium BCE, wine and beer were produced in many locations in Mesopotamia, Assyria and Anatolia (such as the Ubaid site of Tepe Gawra) and treated as a trade and elite luxury good. At the same time, Predynastic Egyptian tomb paintings and wine jars are evidence of the local production of herb-based beers. 3400–2500  BCE: The predynastic community of Hierankopolis in Egypt had a large number of barley- and wheat-based brewery installations. Alcohol as a Trade Good It is difficult to draw the line globally for the production of wine and beer explicitly for trade. It seems clear that alcohol was both an elite substance and one with ritual significance, and the liquids as well as the technology of making them was shared and traded across cultures fairly early on. 3150 BCE: One of the rooms of the tomb of Scorpion I, the earliest of the dynastic kings of Egypt, was stuffed with 700 jars believed to have been made and filled with wine in the Levant and shipped to the king for his consumption. 3300–1200 BCE: Wine consumption is in evidence, used in ritual and elite contexts in Early Bronze Age sites in Greece, including both Minoan and ​Mycenaean cultures. Fu Yi Gong wine vessel from the Late Shang Dynasty (13th–11th century BCE) at the Shanghai Museum, China. Tim Graham / Getty Images 1600–722 BCE: Cereal based alcohol are stored in sealed bronze vessels of Shang (ca. 1600-1046 BCE), and Western Zhou (ca. 1046-722 BCE) dynasties in China. 2000–1400 BCE: Textual evidence demonstrates that barley and rice beers, and others made from a variety of grasses, fruits and other substances, were produced in the Indian subcontinent at least as long ago as the Vedic period. 1700–1550 BC: Beer based on the locally domesticated sorghum grain is manufactured and becomes ritually important in the Kerma dynasty of the Kushite kingdom of present-day Sudan. 9th century BCE: Chicha beer, made from a combination of maize and fruit, is a significant part of feasting and status differentiation throughout South America.   8th century BCE: In his classic tales The Iliad and The Odyssey, Homer prominently mentions the wine of Pramnos. When [Circe] had got [the Argonauts] into her house, she set them upon benches and seats and mixed them a mess with cheese, honey, meal, and Pramnian wine, but she drugged it with wicked poisons to make them forget their homes, and when they had drunk she turned them into pigs by a stroke of her wand and shut them up in her pig-sties. Homer, The Odyssey, Book X 8th–5th centuries BCE: The Etruscans produce the first wines in Italy; according to Pliny the Elder, they practice wine blending and create a muscatel type beverage. 600 BCE: Marseilles is founded by the Greeks who brought wines and vines to the great port city in France.   Iron and Gold Drinking Horn of the Celtic Chieftain at Hochdorf, on display at Kunst der Kelten, Historisches Museum Bern. Rosemania 530–400 BCE: Grain beers and mead produced in central Europe, such as barley beer at Iron Age Hochdorf in what is today Germany. 500–400 BCE: Some scholars, such as F.R. Alchin, believe that the first distillation of alcohol might have occurred as early as this period in India and Pakistan. 425–400 BCE: Wine production at the Mediterranean port of Lattara in southern France marks the beginning of the wine industry in France. 4th century BCE: The Roman colony and competitor of Carthage in North Africa has an extensive trade network of wine (and other goods) all over the Mediterranean region, including a sweet wine made from sun-dried grapes.   4th century BCE: According to Plato, strict laws in Carthage forbid the drinking of wine for magistrates, jury members, councilors, soldiers, and ships pilots while on duty, and for slaves at any time.   Widespread Commercial Production The empires of Greece and Rome are largely responsible for the international commercialization of the trade in many different goods, and specifically in the production of alcoholic beverages. 1st–2nd centuries BCE: The Mediterranean wine trade explodes, bolstered by the Roman empire. 150 BCE–350 CE: Distillation of alcohol is a common practice in in northwest Pakistan.   92 CE: Domitian forbids the planting of new vineyards in the provinces because the competition is killing the Italian market. Roman pavement mosaic depicting the god Bacchus at the Genazzano Villa in Rome, Antonine dynasty, 138–193 CE.   Werner Forman / Archive/Heritage Images / Getty Images 2nd century CE: Romans begin cultivating grapes and producing wine in Mosel valley of Germany and France becomes a major wine-producing region. 4th century CE: The process of distillation is (possibly re-)developed in Egypt and Arabia. 150 BCE–650 CE: Pulque, made from fermented agave, is used as a dietary supplement at the Mexican capital city of Teotihuacan. 300–800 CE: At Classic period Maya feasts, participants consume balche (made from honey and bark) and chicha (maize-based beer).   500–1000 CE: Chicha beer becomes a significant element of feasting for the Tiwanaku in South America, evidenced in part by the classic kero form of flared drinking goblet.   13th century CE: Pulque, an alcoholic beverage made from fermented agave, is part of the Aztec state in Mexico. 16th century CE: Production of wine in Europe moves from monasteries to merchants. Selected Sources Anderson, Peter. Global Use of Alcohol, Drugs . Drug 25.6 (2006): 489–502. Print.and andTobacco Alcohol ReviewDietler, Michael. Alcohol: Anthropological/Archaeological Perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology 35.1 (2006): 229–49. Print.McGovern, Patrick E. Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Beer, Wine and Other Alcoholic Beverages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Print.McGovern, Patrick E., Stuart J. Fleming, and Solomon H. Katz, eds. The Origins and Ancient History of Wine. Philadelphia: The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2005. Print.McGovern, Patrick E., et al. Fermented Beverages of Pre- and Proto-Historic China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101.51 (2004): 17593–98. Print.Meussdoerffer, Franz G. A Comprehensive History of Beer Brewing. Handbook of Brewing. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, 2009. 1–42. Print.Stika, Hans-Peter. Beer in Prehistoric Europe. Liquid Bread: Beer and Brewi ng in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Eds. Schiefenhovel, Wulf and Helen Macbeth. Vol. 7. The Anthropology of Food and Nutrition. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011. 55–62. Print. Surico, Giuseppe. The Grapevine and Wine Production through the Ages. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 39.1 (2000): 3–10. Print.

Urban Sustainabiliy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Urban Sustainabiliy - Essay Example Populations grow vertically because families stick together and find space to work and connect with people through wealth. Urban places have a better chance of growing horizontally than those places with poorer services who are growing vertically as each person in the block or family or cross-section investigated has to grow out on their own and wish selfishness for himself while growing up. Defining what an urban citizen needs is what every citizen in the world requires:clean air,natural beauty,less pollution and intoxication of natural resources,peace and quietude and simplicity of living and understanding life and people with less complicated structure of behaviour than that which is by the people of rural or countryside places. 'In the context of sustainable urban development, we discuss the assessment of residential environmental quality and the importance of considering inhabitants' perceptions of natural resources in urban areas. Two series of studies, conducted in Guildford (United Kingdom) and in Rome (Italy), addressed the correspondence, or contrast, between inhabitants' and experts' assessment of urban quality concerning two crucial natural resources: air quality and biodiversity. The Guildford study emphasized the accuracy of the assessment of urban air quality by experts and the public. The Rome study focused on the evaluative criteria employed by scientists and the public in assessing the quality of urban green spaces. The results from both studies shed more, albeit complex, light on the simple conventional wisdom about public versus expert understanding and assessment of environmental quality.' (1) This is true as scientists do not have themselves living under the pressure of the persons in need of the changes and challenges especially that their points of discussions could be more of a story than of a realistic impression of what goes on and what is the fact that results in such concerns and what they mean and what they impose on the people who live such conditions which could be fatal to their lives because there is no escaping it. Scientists speak for the purpose of being heard even though much of them speak to solve,but the point of differences resulting in both words of the inhabitants and experts is the realism of what the inhabitants speak of and in the semi-realism of what the experts speak of. As always,the words of inhabitants shown in expert's words leads to the fact and result that inhabitants speak out of emotions and not realization and realization of facts;that their perspectives of the problems is nave and unemploying reason and facilities to exert more effort t o bring thoughts and understanding of the nature of the problem to the person who really lives such an issue. It is like what a doctor's manner of trying to soothe the pain of a dying patient by telling them that they are going to be alright except that they just have to wait a while 'and see furthermore solutions to solve

Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand in the UK Essay

Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand in the UK - Essay Example Simply, the monetary policy of the government is to control the liquidity balance in the economy affecting the movement of the macroeconomic variables by adjusting interest rates. On the other hand, fiscal policy is an attempt of the government for influencing the economic activity by changing the level and rate of taxation and government expenditure. (Grant and Vidler, 2000, pp 165-167). In the UK, Bank of England is responsible for controlling and directing monetary movement in the economy with the monetary policy. The Bank of England has the power to set the rate of interest independently along with requirements. In case of fiscal policy, the government itself has taken important steps in strengthening the fiscal policy framework since taking office. The government directs the fiscal policy decisively and confidently for sustaining medium-term public finances based on the authoritarian rules and regulations. If possible the fiscal policy supports the monetary policy regarding the movements of the economic and financial parameters of the country. This balancing approach of the fiscal policy together with the monetary policy endows with the stage of solidity essential for accomplishing the Governments fundamental economic purpose of providing a high and sustainable growth and employment in the economy.  

History of the North and South Korea Border Conflict

History of the North and South Korea Border Conflict In recent years, the relation between North Korea and South Korea becomes better. And in the latest news, the two parts of Korea decided to stop the conflict and sign the peace treaty. That even surprised people around the world and attracted many political criticizers from multiple nations. So what happened to make the conflict between North and South Korea become so famous? Why did Korea divide into two parts as the North and the South? How did the Korean War relate to World War II? And what did Korea do to make it become the highest security concern to the US? We all know that since the development of nations around the world, the need for expanding the territory of those countries has escalated as well. However, the region of each country is regulated by UN rules and international order. Therefore, more and more nations fight over their regions. North Korea wanted to expand its territory so started to invade South Korea’s region and created one of the most popular regional conflict, which is known as North-South Korea border dispute. The tension between North and South Korea has continuously lasted. The roots of the conflict on the Korean Peninsula started in 1945, at the end of the Second World War. Before 1945, Korea was still a part of the Empire of Japan. However, the situation started to change in August 1945. Japan’s Kwantung Army surrendered the Red Army, â€Å"The northern part of the Korean peninsula was liberated,† this statement means that at that time, only a northern part of Korea was free from Japanese Army. Two separate zones of the country were formed along the 38th parallel between USSR in the North and the US in the South. As a consequence, the two divided nations would receive supervision from the two different parties. North Korea or known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea got help from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), while the South was under the protection of the US. In 1947, the issue of forming the single state of Korea was mentioned in UN Co mmission on August 1948, the Republic of Korea was proclaimed. Over time, the differences of military and political regimes between two countries develop and create a massive tension. However, the conflict between the two parts of Korean Peninsula started to break out in June 1950. North Korea provoked bloody strife when Prime Minister of North Korea, Kim Il-sung decided to invade the South. There were 75000 North Korean soldiers running across the 38th, and 10,000 soldiers died daily before the war broke out. On June 25, 1950, the war happened â€Å"between US Armed Forces, along with 15 other countries under the banner of a UN multinational force fighting for South Korea, and the DPRK, backed by Chinese and Soviet troops.† which was known as the Korean War. So, what is the real reason for the bloody conflict between North and South Korea last for a half of a decade? The tension of two parts of the Korean peninsula is in the hottest stage. This battle got a lot of attention from multination around the world. Many people drew up possible hypothesizes about the factor of Korea War. However, there were still many questions remained unanswered over time. The collision was related to World War II and believed to be a part of the international power struggle between USSR and the US. In the North, Kim II Jung received the help his patrons included the Soviet Union and China. He formed his country as The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Kim II Jung also rose up skillful political leaders who knew how to build an aura of captivating charismatic power. Therefore, the president of North Korea controlled his country by force and regulations. North Korean people could be in jail if they against these rules. They had a very limited contact with the actual world. The country constructed itself as a dictatorship nation. Additionally, North Korea tried to build a good relationship with the Soviet Union to borrow USSR’s army to expand territory. Kim II Jung desired to reunify Korea. Thus, he repeatedly asked Joseph Stalin for military permission long time before the invention, according to The Wilson Quarterly. Moreover, at that time, USSR and The US were in the state of cold war. Stalin wanted to use Korean War as a means of measuring the West’s power. The leader of Soviet Union wanted to demonstrate its aggressiveness to the world. And if there would be no resistance, Korean War would become a stepping stone for USSR to conquer the world. On the other hand, South Korea was also democratic regime with fewer regulations. Citizen vote elected Prime Minister. People had the freedom of speech and connected to the world around. South Korean at that time was allied with the US and others fifteen countries. The US declared that it would not guarantee South Korea’s security, according to The Wilson Quarterly. The purpose of that declaration was not to make USSR not to have any caution with the US power. USA wanted to give an unexpected counter-attack to USSR to express their military potential. They also meant to threaten others plans of USSR. The Korean War began on June 25, 1590. Primarily, people thought it happened to be a civil war between two parts of a country. However, The Korean War was an international offence when the Soviet Union planned the North Koreas attack.   Moreover, Soviet-led tens of thousands of North Korean soldiers across the 38th parallel invade South Korea territory. As an expectation, the US and other fifteen countries countered the Korean War aims to change the international issues. Until 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s threated to use nuclear weapons on the northern continent. Worrying about the desolation of nuclear missile on the nation, after Stalin’s death, his uncertain successors, decided to end the Korean War via the armistice. In 1953, over a million soldiers and civilians not only from both sides of Korea but also from America, China, Russia and Britain dead. This war created a fear of the ‘domino effects’ to many allied nations. People recognize that the price of victory would be too high for any party; there was no point in letting the war continued. Fortunately, an armistice agreement was created in Panmunjom on July 27, 1953, and signed by both parties of Korea. In the armistice, although official peace between the North and the South was not established, a â€Å"demarcation line with a four-kilometer-wide demilitarized zone on both sides.† After that, in July 1972, the North and the South signed another treaty, the North-South Joint Statement. The statement was mainly about â€Å"independently, without reliance on foreign powers; peacefully, and based on a great ethnic consolidation.† After the Korean war, both parts of Korea made much of devastations their countries. North Korea lost its essential source of support due to the collapsing of USSR. Also, it lost all of the usual diplomatic relations with other countries and became the prominent security concerns of the United Nations. Furthermore, many Korean families were split due to the different kind of thoughts, either communism or non-communism. While South Korea became a significant economic and technological power, North Korea is still poverty, heavily militarized nation. The differences put North and South Korean in the state of ‘ready-to-fight’ over a period and have no clue of ending. Even though the Korean War ended for more than half of a century and many treaties were signed to keep the national peace. Technically, the two parts of the Korean Peninsula are still in the state of cold war. This tension does not only affect the diplomatic relations between North and South Korea but also become an international concern. Other allied countries started to have precaution with North Korea, North Korea isolates itself as an independent, socialist state and become aggressive to the world. The tension between North and South Korea has been continued up until now and causes many damages on both sides of the Korean Continent. While North Korea suffered from famine and economic crisis and the political system was predicted to be regressed. In the South, another vision of reformation developed. Korean people thought that the reunification would happen organically – not through military force or political solution. However, the idea that each part is following is diffe rent from the other. North Korea stubbornly wants to reunite with South Korea under North Korea’s philosophy, socialism. On the other hand, South Korean intends to run the country as a democratic system. Therefore, the questions of achieving reunification remain unanswered over time. In South Korea, the government wants to run the country under a democratic system. Because the South had a larger population compared to the North, thus, it cannot be managed in the same way as Kim’s empire. South Korea seeks freedom for its people. Park Chung Hee wants his citizens to talk what they want freely. Citizens have a right to decide who would be their prime minister. Also, residents are also allowed to connect to the world. Moreover, Park President wants to develop the Korean economic. Due to the division along Korean Peninsula, Korean economy was damaged enormously. The North-South joint factory was forced to close. As a result, hundreds of North Korean have to return to their state. The unemployed rate in the North escalated dramatically. Electric power and water supply have also been cut as well. In the term of tightening up the sanction on North Korea, the national economic system was almost collapsed. The deviation of economies between North and South Korea makes the unification more difficult than ever. Park Chung Hee wants to get close to the North, balance out the differences and turn Korea into the most economical and technological in Asia. In North Korea, Kim Jong Un wants to reunify Korea with a socialist idea. That idea was formed since Kim II Jung. The president of North Korea had an idea of building a country as a dictatorial system. He wanted to control his citizens with military force because he thought that people would be obedient to what he said due to the scare of death. Also, he wanted the country to be isolated from the rest of the world. When the nation became backward, the citizens would not dare to rebel; they would be loyal to the country. North Korea’s president understood the efficacy of the power force. Thus, he would love to keep that power not only during his lifetime but also beyond the time of his throne to mobilize the masses toward ambitious political goals. Moreover, on the reunification plan, Kim Jong Un also wants to take advantages of South Korea to develop the military system. According to Heather Stephenson, â€Å"Over the past 20 years, Seoul has given the Kim regime, on the record, over $10 billion, without any monitoring of who receives the aid.† There was still a mysterious thing to know whether that amount of money was used to increase living facilities or develop a nuclear missile. In another source, when Byung- Ho Chung visited North Korea, he asked how people in that country managed their lives during the difficult time. The North Korea tour guide just said â€Å"For us in North Korea, the thing that really matters is politics. The economy is nothing compared to politics. We are ready to endure hunger and sacrifice our lives for politics if necessary.† Kim assimilated his citizens that politic should become their first priority. North Korean military becomes dangerous and dominant over time while the quality of living remains the same for half of a century. The goal of unification of two parts of Korea is entirely different from each other. While Kim Jung Un only wants the country to be directed under his authority, South Korea seeks peace and freedom in its nation. It is a dilemma problem for political experts to solve. Hypothetically, The North follows the democratic system, would its citizens not make any rebellions to Kim? On the other sides, what would happen if the South change into Socialism? Would South Korea people be able to obey what Kim says even if his demand is unreasonable or dictatorial? Also, when Kim becomes the controller, who can stop him from using South Korea money to develop nuclear weapons? We all know that North Korea is the most dangerous potential nuclear force. People are anxious about each movement of North Korea military. Because, we all know that when the nuclear war happens, it will influence unimaginably enormous to the nations. No country can win in nuclear war. What it means is that in the end, the â€Å"winner† might end up less defeated than the â€Å"loser† but not too much of differences between two powers. Both sides of the conflict could have devastation occurred extremely quickly. â€Å"Two sides would have neither powers, nor laws, nor cities, nor cultures, nor cradles, nor tomb.† Also, nuclear weapons could be considered a holocaust. No one could survive after being involved. Additionally, national economic could be desolated. And it would take a lot of time and effort to restore as the origin. Seeing many adverse outcomes from nuclear programs, North Korea decides to stop working on nuclear weapons and find the way to unify with South Korea. Reunification between the North and the South has always been a dream for the President of the North Korea, Kim Jong Un. That idea has been held since Kim II Sung up until now. According The Hill, Harris said â€Å"He [Kim Jong Un] is after what his grandfather failed to do and his father failed to do, and he’s on a path to achieve what he feels is his natural place and where North Korea’s natural outcome is: a unified Korean peninsula that’s subject to the communist regime.† Reunification with the South brings to the North various benefits such as the developing in the economy and life qualification. Therefore, during last six decades, North Korea tried to set up many negotiating conferences to set peace between two parts of Korea. However, due to the differences between two nations, a peace treaty was still a difficult thing to come up. Until Early April 2019, after the Olympics event, the tension between two parts of Korea had a sign of reducing when South Korea sent a delegation to Pyongyang to meet Kim Jong Un. The purpose of this visiting is to prepare for a first summit meeting after holding high-level talks for more than a decade between North and South Korea. The summit meeting played a significant role in any possibility of peace on the Korean peninsula.  This summit was historic; it was believed to a be conference to erase the tension between two parts of Korea since 1953s. On April 27th, the first summit meeting finally happened with the participants of North and South Korea’s Leader. In the conference, Kim said â€Å"If we maintain frequent meetings and build trust with the United States and receive promises for an end to the war and a non-aggression treaty, then why would we need to live in difficulty by keeping our nuclear weapons?† After half of a century of setting troops at the border to keep uneasy peace, Kim Jong Un decided to stop the conflict and find the peace for citizens from both sides. The meeting was meant to have a peace treaty between two states of Korea by removing all of the nuclear missiles out of the Korean Peninsula. On the other hands, seeing the potential benefits when reunifying with the North, South Korea did many things to make unification happen. South Korea’s leader even started a committee to make the reunification becomes possible. Base on Mr. Moon’s perspective, the unity could help Korea to become wealthier by the help from North Korea. Additionally, for the last several years, North Korean society was one of the most sheltered guarded in the contemporary world. North Korea had a proud investment in preventing outsiders from seeing anything that might make a negative impact to the country. When reunifying the two parts of the continent, Korea could have a better military defense formed on North Korean military. Because of the common goal, at the summit, both North and South Korean agree to sign the peace agreement. Furthermore, Moon Jea-in met with North Korea’s president for the second time in a month to carry out the peace committee. Also, Prime Minister of Korea knows that if the meeting between Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump is not going well, denuclearization becomes impossible as well. Therefore, Mr. Moon supported Kim’s potential meeting with President Donald Trump for positive outcome. Korea authorities determinedly looked forward to developing sustainable peace between two countries. In conclusion, reunification is the only possible solution to help both sides of Korea develop. Even though the tension between North and South Korea has a sign of declaration. It is still challenging to consolidate as the two states have different views on the unification. In the North, Kim Jong-un wants to rule the country as a socialist system. While in the South, Mr. Prime minister seeks to modify the country democratically. In my opinion, to make reunifications happens, both Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon needs to reduce their egocentrism and look for the potential benefits beyond the unity. The key is to let Korean people live peacefully and improve the quality of life.   Although this reunification has to face obstacles, citizens from both sides are willing to try their best to let unification happen. Work cited: CBS/AP. â€Å"Seoul: North, South Korean Leaders Meet to Discuss U.S.-North Korean Summit.†Ã‚  CBS News, CBS Interactive, 26 May 2018, cbsnews.com/news/north-south-korean-leaders-meet-to-discuss-u-s-north-korean-summit-2018-05-26/. CNBC. â€Å"North, South Korea to Hold Summit on April 27.†Ã‚  CNBC, CNBC, 29 Mar. 2018, cnbc.com/2018/03/29/north-south-korea-to-hold-summit-on-april-27.html. Feffer, John. â€Å"Korean Reunification: The View From the North.†Ã‚  The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 16 June 2016, huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/korean-reunification-the_b_7597430.html. Jervis, Robert. â€Å"The Political Effects of Nuclear Weapons: A Comment.†Ã‚  International Security, 1 Oct. 1988, jstor.org/stable/2538972 Kettley, Sebastian. â€Å"North and South Korea: When Did They Split? Why Were They at War?† Express.co.uk, 16 May 2017, express.co.uk/news/world/805398/North-Korea-split-South-border-DMZ-Kim-Jong-un-Kim-Il-sung-Korean-war-conflict-USA Kheel, Rebecca. â€Å"Top Admiral: North Korea Wants to Reunify Peninsula, Not Protect Rule.†Ã‚  TheHill, The Hill, 14 Feb. 2018, thehill.com/policy/defense/373803-top-admiral-north-korea-wants-to-reunify-peninsula-not-protect-regime. Kwon, Heonik, and Byung-Ho Chung â€Å"North Korea: beyond Charismatic Politics† Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012 Mark Stone, Asia Corespondent, in Pyongyang. â€Å"North And South Korea: A Quick History.† Sky News, 25 July 2013,news.sky.com/story/north-and-south-korea-a-quick-history-10439208 McKirdy, Euan. â€Å"South Korean Workers Leave Kaesong Industrial Park.†Ã‚  CNN, Cable News Network, 12 Feb. 2016, cnn.com/2016/02/11/asia/south-korea-kaesong-industrial-complex-closed/index.html. Sputnik. â€Å"History of Conflict Between North and South Koreas in Facts and Details.† Sputnik International, 20 Aug. 2015, sputniknews.com/analysis/201508201025995086/. Sang-hun, Choe. â€Å"North and South Korea Set Bold Goals: A Final Peace and No Nuclear Arms.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 Apr. 2018, nytimes.com/2018/04/27/world/asia/north-korea-south-kim-jong-un.html. Tonge-Hyung, Kim. â€Å"Kim Jong Un to Close North Korean Nuclear Test Site, Unify Time Zone with South Korea.†Ã‚  Global News, Global News, 29 Apr. 2018, globalnews.ca/news/4175208/kim-jong-un-close-north-korea-test-site/. Weathersby, Kathryn. The Korean War revisited.  The Wilson Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 3, 1999, p. 91+.  Literature Resource Center,  Accessed 5 May 2018. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A55306296/GLS?u=lynn16881&sid=GLS&xid=82a92296.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What Does Kim Jong-Un Want?†Ã‚  Tufts Now, 7 Dec. 2017, now.tufts.edu/articles/what-does-kim-jong-un-want.

Critically discuss an established marketing theory Essay

Customer expectations are increasing because of the increasing choices from a wider range of consumption. Nowadays, customers do not just buy clothes from a boutique, but also large retail stores, web stores or even mobile phone shopping apps. Claes Fornell International states, â€Å"the multiple channel models focus on providing information, purchase or fulfillment orders, after-sale servicing and technical support† (CFI Group, 2006). There are many considerations that customers may make when they repurchase: Past experience, convenience, service, price, product features, company image, and the recommendations of others. These considerations are determined by the way that companies integrate initial purchases and problem resolution in a multi-channel environment. Marketing mix originally had 12 elements which were defined by Broden (1965). Thy are product planning, pricing, branding, channels distribution, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, and fact finding and analysis. McCarthy (1964) afterwards redefined the marketing mix based on the idea of Borden. He combined Borden’s 12 marketing mix elements to the four new elements: product, price, place and promotion, also called the 4Ps. McCarthy suggested they are combination of all of the factors at a marketing manager’s command to satisfy the target market. Therefore, the 4Ps concept is now the most common way in defining marketing mix. It is something that companies need to consider in order to market a product or service, they also provide a guideline for the companies to achieve a successful marketing campaign. The 4Ps are designed to analysis the needs and wants of customers, in order to satisfy them and therefore attract more customers and sales. Each element of the 4Ps plays an important role in fulfilling the satisfaction of customers and these roles change with the changing environment of the marketplace. This essay will be covering the concept of 4Ps and also how this concept is applied in the current multi-channel marketplace. The first p Product is the most important thing in an organization. Baines, Fill and Page (2011) define â€Å"Anything that can be offered for use and consumption, in exchange for money or some other form of value, is referred to as a product†. It might be tangible or intangible. As mentioned in the first paragraph, customers think a lot before they purchase, they do not just buy a product for the function of a product, but many other elements as well. So, product can be divided into 3 different forms in order to understand the elements, which are core, embodied and the augmented forms. Core product consists of the benefit or satisfaction that a customer expects from purchasing a product or service. The benefit can be in terms of either functional or emotional. Embodied product takes account into the physical benefit of a product such as the features, durability, design, packaging and brand name. Augmented product consists of the embodied product and also the other factors affecting the purchase activity. The second p is price. It is described as the amount a customer pays in exchange for goods and services. This is another crucial thing to a company, as price determines the money it earns through setting the prices of products. Companies have different pricing strategies in order to satisfy their target customers, setting a price for a product is difficult to a company. If the price is too high customers may not be able or willing to purchase whereas a very low price may make the customers think that the product are in very low quality therefore refuse to purchase. How should price be set depends heavily on the product itself and this relates to the expectations of the customers about the product. Not only the quality of the product but also other factors such as features of the product, the packaging and some other psychosocial expectations determine the price of a product. Place is the next p, it can also be called distribution. Baines, Fill and Page (2011) define this â€Å"Place or distribution concerns how to place the optimum amount of goods and/or services before the maximum number of a target market at the times and locations they want.† It focuses on the availability of the product at the desired place and time. Places can be in many kinds such as physical stores like departmental stores and supermarkets. It can also be in virtual form such as e-malls and e-market.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Distribution activities are vital element in creating customer value. A product will provide customer value and satisfaction only if it is available to the customer when and where it is needed, and in the appropriate quality† (Douglas, James, and Ellram, 1998). The delivery of a product is important as it affects customer’s satisfaction and the evaluations over the quality of the service. Therefore companies need to think and manage well enough of the way s of distributing their products or services and here are some crucial factors of delivering goods: speed of the delivery, availability, range of choices, level of convenience and also after sale services. Lastly is promotion, it is also called marketing communication. Baines, Fill and Page (2011) state, â€Å"It is used to communicate elements of an organization’s offering to a target audience. This offer might refer to a product, a service, or the organization itself as it tries to build its reputation.† There are four promoting methods that companies commonly use, which are advertising, public relation, sales promotion and personal selling. Also today, promoting through Internet is the most popular way as it is cheap and effective, with the rapid development in technology and the increasing amount of access to the Internet. Since the purpose of promotion is to increase customers’ awareness to a product, companies usually begin to promote before a particular product is actually launched into the market. However, the volume of promotion depends on the finance of a company. A company with cash flow or other financial problems may find it difficult to implement prom otion activities due to costs. The marketing mix 4Ps models seem to be a very effective marketing strategy as it gives guidelines to companies of how to market a product or service. However many studies have criticised the 4ps concept as not being customer oriented. Today’s marketplace is customer oriented, companies should do everything in the favor of customers. Therefore, the original 4Ps marketing mix model defined by E McCarthy that is claimed to be product-oriented should be adjusted. Lauterborn (1990) suggests that the 4ps elements should be considered in the customer’s perspective, through converting the 4Ps to 4Cs, which is from product to customer solution, price to cost of customer, place to convenience, and promotion to communication. Mà ¶ller (2006)  criticised the 4Ps marketing mix in 4 areas: Internal orientation, lack of consumer interactivity, void of theoretical content and does not offer help for personification of marketing activities. The mix does not take into account the element of service marketing, it also ignores the relationship building with the customers. The idea of the marketing mix has implied the central element as marketers but this is not correct. ‘Customer-focused management’ should be the core of marketing. So nowadays in the marketplace, companies focus heavily on the ways of engaging with customers, by offering good customer services and provide the best buying experience to the customers. It is no longer just focus on the product itself. Apple’s product like iphone and Macbook are designed fashionable together with newest technology and good functions. However the company also pays huge effort in serving the customers, the features and functions of the product are not the only concerns. Well-designed Apple stores and massive amount of staff in each store provide a good atmosphere for the customers when they are making purchases. This provides memorable buying experience to the customers and therefore huge amount of sales can be generated. In the side of promotion, companies no longer promote their products by emphasising the features of the product but to engage with the customers. Many organisations use social network sites such as Facebook and Twitter as their promotion platform. Pages are created and the purpose of that is to interact with the customers. They tend to build relationships with customers through updating company’s status frequently and also observation from the customers’ activities. The TV adverts of the iphone now focus more on how it gets involved in customers’ daily life. It does not just mention the functions of the phone but highlight the way that iphone improves our life. Besides, there are also significant changes of the distribution of products under the multi-channel market place. More customers now make their purchase online instead of in store. This is because of the rapid development of technology and the increased popularity of online shopping, and it is convenience as well. This change has caused huge impact on the retailing industry. Increasing numbers of customers download movies and songs from the  Internet or iTunes Store, this made companies such as Blockbuster and HMV suffers, causing them to close stores and cut the number of staff. The use of marketing mix of a company depends on many factors, such as the finance of the company, the resources available and also the changing condition of the market and customer’s wants. The 4Ps are closely related, one change of one of the Ps has direct effect on the others. Companies need to pay huge attention to the current market with rapid changes, in order to make adjustments to their marketing mix. The 4Ps marketing mix, has been criticised by different studies in terms of its limitations to the current consumer-oriented market. However, despite the limitations, this concept still remains strong because of its simplicity. The majority of the marketing textbooks still define marketing mix with the component of the 4Ps. Companies still manage their marketing mix on the basis of this concept, perhaps with little variations according to the market condition. It is better for people to learn the 4Ps concept of marketing mix even though the concept might not fit into today’s marketplace, as it is relevant and it provides a clear guideline. Although there are many new marketing approaches and frameworks that have been suggested by different studies, these findings still cannot be agreed in the real business life as they are just raised theoretically but not empirically. This is because there is still a lack of data about how practitioners make use of the marketing mix to tackle the marketing problems, there is also a lack of effects of the 4Ps components on the success or failure of marketing programmes (E. Constantinides 2006). However, it is still preferable for the companies to consider improving the limitations of the 4Ps framework by taking account into the other suggested approaches that are focusing more on the customer side, given that the frequently changing of the customer behavior and wants. References E. Constantinides (2006) ‘The Marketing Mix Revisited: Towards the 21st Century Marketing’, Journal of Marketing Management, 22:3-4, 407-438 (Online), Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725706776861190 (Accessed: 28 November 2013) Russ Merz, Ph.D. (2006) Customer-Focused Strategies in the Multi-Channel Marketplace, (Online), Available: http://www.vigilmetrics.com/Resources/Articles/CFI-Multi-Channel-Strategy.pdf (Accessed: 28 November 2013) Marketing Mix – 7P’s That Defines The Meaning Of The Marketing Mix, (Online), (2013) Available: http://marketingmix.co.uk/definition/ (Accessed: 28 November 2013) Chai Lee Goi (2009), ‘A Review of Marketing Mix: 4Ps or More?’, international journal of marketing studies, (Online), Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-14. Available: www.ccsenet.org/journal.html (Accessed: 29 November 2013) Baines, Fill and Page (2011), Marketing, 2nd ed., United States, Oxford University Press Borden, N.H. (1964), â€Å"The concept of the Marketing Mix†, Journal of Advertising Research, June, pp 2-7. . McCarthy, E.J. (1964), Basic Marketing, a Managerial Approach, Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.. Lauterborn, B. (1990). New Marketing Litany: Four Ps Passà ©: C-Words Take Over. Advertising Age, 61(41), 26.

SIWES Project in Computer Science Essay

1.1 Overview of SIWES SIWES refers to the employment of students nearing under-graduation in firms or organizations, which operate on activities related to the respective student’s major subjects. The course, CSC 3299 as offered in Ajayi Crowther University is a compulsory subject offered by every computer science student in the 2nd semester of the third academic year with the objective of enabling students to come into contact with real life applications regarding the knowledge and skills gained in both theoretical and practical courses of the university. The core courses of Computer Science offered by ACU are both theory and laboratory practical -based and aid in providing a theoretical concept or ‘base’ to the students so that they are equipped with sufficient knowledge for joining the work force after completion of under-graduation. SIWES on the other hand helps the students familiarize themselves with the experience of being employed in their field and effectively learning and applying the knowledge required by carrying out their activities in the offices and fields. 1.2 Objectives of SIWES The general objectives if SIWES are outlined as follows: Helping students break free from the theoretical world of ****books and class courses and leap into the real world of applications of knowledge. Enabling the students to effectively interact in a work environment within a hierarchy of employees. The efficiency in working in groups and under higher authorities is tested during this course. Helping students to express dependability, initiative, resourcefulness and professionalism in the tasks they are assigned. To evaluate the person’s ability to communicate and operate under pressure, if required. To help students enhance their creativity and efficiency in dealing with projects related to their field of study. To enable students to pick up skills from the experience and projects of other employees to apply in their own tasks. To enable the student realize their relative strength in a field with many practical applications and help students come out with final year projects that model real life industry challenges. 2.0 Origin of the Report This report has been prepared as a requirement of the internship program. The report was based upon the ICT department of the organization Nigerian civil aviation authority (NCAA). 2.1 ORGANISATION BRIEFS AND STRUCTURE OF NCAA Brief : Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority is the regulatory body for aviation in Nigeria. It became autonomous with the passing into law of the Civil Aviation Act 2006 by the National Assembly and assent of the President, Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Act not only empowers the Authority to regulate Aviation Safety without political interference, but also to carry out Oversight functions of Airports, Airspace, Meteorological Services, etc as well as economic regulations of the industry. Nigeria has just successfully passed through the ICAO Security follow-up Audit of May 2006 and the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit in November 2006. Nigeria is now preparing for the American FAA IASA Category 1 Certification. With over 25 Airports, 30 Airlines, 590 Pilots, 19 Flight Engineers, 258 Air Traffic Controllers(ATC), 677 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers, 1103 Cabin Crew and 4 Aircraft Dispatchers, Nigeria now boasts of improved aviation infrastructural facilities at the Airports, state of the art navigational aids, modern weather forecasting equipment and highly skilled manpower to ensure safety and comfort of the flying public. Airlines have started bringing in brand new aircraft to the industry 737-700 new generation, Regional Jet CRJ 400/900, Dash 8-400Q, Business Jet/Turboprop, Helicopters, B777, Dreamliner B787, Jumbo Jet Boeing 747-400 series as well as brand new Regional Jet Embraer. 3.0 NCAA STRUCTURE Senior Management : Director General: Dr. H.O. Demuren Director of Airworthiness Standards: Engr. P. Ekunwe Director of Licensing: Capt. Adamu M****ia (Acting) Director of Operations and Training: Capt. A. N. Aliyu (Acting) Director of Aerodrome and Airspace Standards: Mr. Lawal Haruna Director of Air Transport Regulation: Ms. I. Sosina Director of Finance and Administration: Mrs. Elemanya Ebilah Director of Consumer Protection: Alh. Abdullahi Adamu Company Secretary/Legal Advisor: Mrs. A.A. Gbem Organizational Chart: 4.0 BRIEFS ON ICT DEPARTMENT 4.1 Our Goal To provide high quality, customer and staff-focused Information and Communication Technology support for efficient and value-added service delivery. 4.2 What We Do Our purpose is to ensure that our structures – such as all communication-based procedures for the NCAA – within and outside – conforms to standard ICT platforms and practices, carefully targeted to meet our goal. 4.3 Objectives †¢ To deploy modern-based ICT facilities that will become catalysts in the innovative processes of effective aviation safety within our air-space †¢ To embark on an on-going process in which to foster better information and communication access for aviation service users †¢ To provide the means by which information and communication knowledge is developed, stored, aggregated, manipulated and diffused within and outside the NCAA and to become the major transformational medium of aviation safety reformation †¢ To technologically support and enable NCAA’s full participation in the global economy 5.0 Responsibilities †¢ Advice on adoption of most efficiently and effective ICT policy †¢ Ascertain proper and smooth operations of computer systems at the headquarters †¢ Draw ICT and ICT-related Budgets †¢ Assess the impact of ICT in economic growth and development †¢ Drawing up specifications to facilitate procurement of appropriate computer hardware and software related features within the organization †¢ Supervise the installation and commissioning of computer network systems †¢ Contact point on all ICT-issues.(i.e. ICT Management) †¢ Represents the organization in all forums on ICT-related issues †¢ Coordinate training of staffs on computer systems in line with E-Government Strategy to build a proper ICT capacity within the organization †¢ Advice the organization on information security in the use of computers and Maintain important information and data backups CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE During my six months SIWES at NCAA, I worked extensively in the Network and maintenance unit, Where I gained a lot of experience in network environment and system maintenance. 6.1 NETWORK STRUCTURE OF NCAA: 6.2 SUMMARY ON THE NCAA NETWORK NCAA uses a domain to organize the network environment. Domains are groups of PCs on the same network and are a method to isolate communications between the members in the domain and the other data traffic.. Anyone in a domain can communicate with each other and out bound, however PCs not defined in the domain can not communicate with those in the domain. Basically the network starts from when the satellite in space sends radio signals down to the satellite dish receiver (ku-band, ka-band, c-band e.t.c). This satellite dish receiver is connected to the private port of the internet modem then the public port of the modem is connected to the ISA server which acts as the gateway to internet access. The ISA server is connected to a domain controller which controls the domain environment by granting anyone who has a registered account on the domain access to the internet recourse. I.e. anyone who does not have an account or valid log on credentials cannot use the internet. Domain controller can also be used to control the network environment by restricting the rights to chance setting on the workstation so that only administrative rights can alter settings. The ISA server is also connected to an antivirus server which monitors the automatic updates and downloading of update for all workstation in the domain with a specific antivirus used for the network installed on them. The ISA server is also connected to a 24 port switch which is connected to the different switch cabinet in each directorate of office buildings (since it is a 24 port switch it take a maximum of 23 directorates, another switch can be connected to the first switch in case of more buildings). Ever building has a cabinet where LAN (local area network) connections are distributed to different offices. The cabinet comprises of switches and patch panels. The patch panel is a device that is used as a repeater so that signals don’t get loss over a long cable. One of the cables that comes from the main 24 port switch goes to the patch panel then a RJ-45 cable is connected from the patch panel to the switch (mostly a 24-port switch) in the cabinet (in case of two switches  we have two patch panels.). The patch panel then distributes the connection in the office or to other offices in the building as LAN port where workstations can be connected to by the use of RJ-45 cable (workstations can also be connected directly to the switch). As for wireless connection, a wireless router or access point is placed at every passage way in each building. The wireless access point is either connected to one of the switches in the cabinet or the main 24-port switch.

Janies Loves Essay - 948 Words

In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, she sets the protagonist, Janie Mae Crawford as a woman who wants to find true love and who is struggling to find her identity. To find her identity and true love it takes her three marriages to go through. While being married to three different men who each have different philosophies, Janie comes to understand that she is developed into a strong woman. Hurston makes each idea through each man’s view of Janie, and their relationship with the society. The lifestyle with little hope of or reason to hope for improvement. He holds a sizeable amount of land, but the couples life involves little interaction with anyone else. They are insignificant Logans house is a stump in the†¦show more content†¦Her decision to leave Logan for Joe Starks shows her determination to achieve her dream of love; she does not want to give and take this dream for stability. Logan is extremely ignorant of Janie†²s feelings. When she tries to talk with him about them he simply replies: †²Ah†²m getting†² sleepy Janie. Let†²s don†²t talk no mo†².†² (Hurston,30) He does not realize that Janie is serious about leaving him and that she wants him to show his feelings for her. Instead, he tries to hurt her like she hurt him, by pretending not to be worried about her leaving him. Janie gets to know Joe during her marriage with Logan. Right from the beginning he treats her like a lady. This is one reason why Janie is so attracted to him. Joe Starks is representative of a much different sphere in terms of African-Americans and their ways of dealing with white cruelty. He is quick to tell Janie that he has been working for white folks all his life, and it becomes evident to the reader through his improvements of the town; the light post, the general store, the post office that he is a man making plans of bringing Eatonville closer to the white world. 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